Mahakavi Surdas - सूरदास की रचनायें

जीवन परिचय

हिन्ढी साहित्य में कृष्ण-भक्ति की अजस्र धारा को प्रवाहित करने वाले भक्त कवियों में महाकवि सूरदास का नाम अग्रणी है। उनका जन्म १४७८ ईस्वी में मथुरा आगरा मार्ग के किनारे स्थित रुनकता नामक गांव में हुआ। 

सूरदास के पिता रामदास गायक थे। सूरदास के जन्मांध होने के विषया में मतभेद है। प्रारंभ में सूरदास आगरा के समीप गऊघाट पर रहते थे। वहीं उनकी भेंट श्री वल्लभाचार्य से हुई और वे उनके शिष्य बन गए। वल्लभाचार्य ने उनको पुष्टिमार्ग में दीक्षित कर के कृष्णलीला के पद गाने का आदेश दिया। अष्टछाप कवियों में एक । सूरदास की मृत्यु गोवर्धन के निकट पारसौली ग्राम में १५८० ईस्वी में हुई। 

 

सूरदास की रचनायें और जीवन परिचय जन्म

सूरदास की जन्मतिथि एवं जन्मस्थान के विषय में विद्वानों में मतभेद है। "साहित्य लहरी' सूर की लिखी रचना मानी जाती है। इसमें साहित्य लहरी के रचना-काल के सम्बन्ध में निम्न पद मिलता है -

मुनि पुनि के रस लेख।
दसन गौरीनन्द को लिखि सुवल संवत् पेख ।।

इसका अर्थ विद्वानों ने संवत् १६०७ वि० माना है, अतएव "साहित्य लहरी' का रचना काल संवत् १६०७ वि० है। इस ग्रन्थ से यह भी प्रमाण मिलता है कि सूर के गुरु श्री बल्लभाचार्य थे।

सूरदास का जन्म सं० १५३५ वि० के लगभग ठहरता है, क्योंकि बल्लभ सम्प्रदाय में ऐसी मान्यता है कि बल्लभाचार्य सूरदास से दस दिन बड़े थे और बल्लभाचार्य का जन्म उक्त संवत् की वैशाख् कृष्ण एकादशी को हुआ था। इसलिए सूरदास की जन्म-तिथि वैशाख शुक्ला पंचमी, संवत् १५३५ वि० समीचीन जान पड़ती है। अनेक प्रमाणों के आधार पर उनका मृत्यु संवत् १६२० से १६४८ वि० के मध्य स्वीकार किया जाता है।

रामचन्द्र शुक्ल जी के मतानुसार सूरदास का जन्म संवत् १५४० वि० के सन्निकट और मृत्यु संवत् १६२० वि० के आसपास माना जाता है।

श्री गुरु बल्लभ तत्त्व सुनायो लीला भेद बतायो।
सूरदास की आयु "सूरसारावली' के अनुसार उस समय ६७ वर्ष थी। 'चौरासी वैष्णव की वार्ता' के आधार पर उनका जन्म रुनकता अथवा रेणु का क्षेत्र (वर्तमान जिला आगरान्तर्गत) में हुआ था। मथुरा और आगरा के बीच गऊघाट पर ये निवास करते थे। बल्लभाचार्य से इनकी भेंट वहीं पर हुई थी। "भावप्रकाश' में सूर का जन्म स्थान सीही नामक ग्राम बताया गया है। वे सारस्वत ब्राह्मण थे और जन्म के अंधे थे। "आइने अकबरी' में (संवत् १६५३ वि०) तथा "मुतखबुत-तवारीख' के अनुसार सूरदास को अकबर के दरबारी संगीतज्ञों में माना है।

जन्म स्थान

अधिक विद्वानों का मत है कि सूर का जन्म सीही नामक ग्राम में एक निर्धन सारस्वत ब्राह्मण परिवार में हुआ था। बाद में ये आगरा और मथुरा के बीच गऊघाट पर आकर रहने लगे थे।

खंजन नैन रुप मदमाते ।
अतिशय चारु चपल अनियारे,
पल पिंजरा न समाते ।।
चलि - चलि जात निकट स्रवनन के,
उलट-पुलट ताटंक फँदाते ।
"सूरदास' अंजन गुन अटके,
नतरु अबहिं उड़ जाते ।।

क्या सूरदास अंधे थे ?

सूरदास श्रीनाथ भ की "संस्कृतवार्ता मणिपाला', श्री हरिराय कृत "भाव-प्रकाश", श्री गोकुलनाथ की "निजवार्ता' आदि ग्रन्थों के आधार पर, जन्म के अन्धे माने गए हैं। लेकिन राधा-कृष्ण के रुप सौन्दर्य का सजीव चित्रण, नाना रंगों का वर्णन, सूक्ष्म पर्यवेक्षणशीलता आदि गुणों के कारण अधिकतर वर्तमान विद्वान सूर को जन्मान्ध स्वीकार नहीं करते।

श्यामसुन्दरदास ने इस सम्बन्ध में लिखा है - ""सूर वास्तव में जन्मान्ध नहीं थे, क्योंकि श्रृंगार तथा रंग-रुपादि का जो वर्णन उन्होंने किया है वैसा कोई जन्मान्ध नहीं कर सकता। डॉक्टर हजारीप्रसाद द्विवेदी ने लिखा है - ""सूरसागर के कुछ पदों से यह ध्वनि अवश्य निकलती है कि सूरदास अपने को जन्म का अन्धा और कर्म का अभागा कहते हैं, पर सब समय इसके अक्षरार्थ को ही प्रधान नहीं मानना चाहिए।
रचनाएं

सूरदास जी द्वारा लिखित पाँच ग्रन्थ बताए जाते हैं -

१ सूरसागर
२ सूरसारावली
३ साहित्य-लहरी
४ नल-दमयन्ती
५ ब्याहलो

सूरदासजी की रचना 

व्रजमंडल आनंद भयो

व्रजमंडल आनंद भयो प्रगटे श्री मोहन लाल।
ब्रज सुंदरि चलि भेंट लें हाथन कंचन थार॥
जाय जुरि नंदराय के बंदनवार बंधाय।
कुंकुम के दिये साथीये सो हरि मंगल गाय॥
कान्ह कुंवर देखन चले हरखित होत अपार।
देख देख व्रज सुंदर अपनों तन मन वार॥
जसुमति लेत बुलाय के अंबर दिये पहराय।
आभूषण बहु भांति के दिये सबन मनभाय॥
दे आशीष घर को चली, चिरजियो कुंवर कन्हाई।
सूर श्याम विनती करी, नंदराय मन भाय॥

(आछे मेरे) लाल हो, ऐसी आरि न कीजै 

(आछे मेरे) लाल हो, ऐसी आरि न कीजै ।
मधु-मेवा-पकवान-मिठाई जोइ भावै सोइ लीजै ॥
सद माखन घृत दह्यौ सजायौ, अरु मीठौ पय पीजै ।
पा लागौं हठ अधिक करौ जनि, अति रिस तैं तन छीजै ॥
आन बतावति, आन दिखावति, बालक तौ न पतीजै ।
खसि-खसि परत कान्ह कनियाँ तैं, सुसुकि-सुसुकि मन खीजै ॥
जल -पुटि आनि धर्‌यौ आँगन मैं, मोहन नैकु तौ लीजै ।
सूर स्याम हठी चंदहि माँगै, सु तौ कहाँ तैं दीजै ॥

रे मन मूरख, जनम गँवायौ

रे मन मूरख, जनम गँवायौ।
करि अभिमान विषय-रस गीध्यौ, स्याम सरन नहिं आयौ॥
यह संसार सुवा-सेमर ज्यौं, सुन्दर देखि लुभायौ।
चाखन लाग्यौ रुई गई उडि़, हाथ कछू नहिं आयौ॥
कहा होत अब के पछिताऐं, पहिलैं पाप कमायौ।
कहत सूर भगवंत भजन बिनु, सिर धुनि-धुनि पछितायौ॥

विषय रस में जीवन बिताने पर अंत समय में जीव को बहुत पश्चाताप होता है। इसी का विवरण इस पद के माध्यम से किया गया है। सूरदास कहते हैं - अरे मूर्ख मन! तूने जीवन खो दिया। अभिमान करके विषय-सुखों में लिप्त रहा, श्यामसुन्दर की शरण में नहीं आया। तोते के समान इस संसाररूपी सेमर वृक्ष के फल को सुन्दर देखकर उस पर लुब्ध हो गया। परन्तु जब स्वाद लेने चला, तब रुई उड़ गयी (भोगों की नि:सारता प्रकट हो गयी,) तेरे हाथ कुछ भी (शान्ति, सुख, संतोष) नहीं लगा। अब पश्चाताप करने से क्या होता है, पहले तो पाप कमाया (पापकर्म किया) है। सूरदास जी कहते हैं- भगवान् का भजन न करने से सिर पीट-पीटकर (भली प्रकार) पश्चात्ताप करता है। 

आँगन मैं हरि सोइ गए री

आँगन मैं हरि सोइ गए री ।
दोउ जननी मिलि कै हरुऐं करि सेज सहित तब भवन लए री ॥
नैकु नहीं घर मैं बैठत हैं, खेलहि के अब रंग रए री ।
इहिं बिधि स्याम कबहुँ नहिं सोए बहुत नींद के बसहिं भए री ॥
कहति रोहिनी सोवन देहु न, खेलत दौरत हारि गए री ।
सूरदास प्रभु कौ मुख निरखत हरखत जिय नित नेह नए री ॥

भावार्थ :--`सखी ! श्याम आँगन में ही सो गये । दोनों माताओं (श्रीरोहिणी जी और यशोदा जी) ने मिलकर धीरे से (सँभालकर) पलंग सहित उठाकर उन्हें घर के भीतर कर लिया।' (माता कहने लगीं -)`अब मोहन तनिक भी घर में नहीं बैठते; खेलने के ही रंग में रँगे रहते (खेलने की ही धुन में रहते) हैं । श्यामसुन्दर इस प्रकार कभी नहीं सोये । (आज तो) सखी! निद्रा के बहुत अधिक वश में हो गये (बड़ी गाढ़ी नींद में सो गये ) (यह सुन के) माता रोहिणी कहने लगीं -`खेलने में दौड़ते-दौड़ते थक गये हैं, अब इन्हें सोने दो न ।' सूरदास जी कहते हैं कि मेरे स्वामी के मुख का दर्शन करने से प्राण हर्षित होते हैं और नित्य नवीन अनुराग होता रहता है ।

Most Popular Winter Destinations of Himalayan States

Winter season is one of the best time to travel India to experience the breathtaking beauty of Snow Clad Mountains, frozen lakes of Himalaya and winter sports activities. The three Himalayan states Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand experience heavy snowfall during the winter season in India. Famous Winter Travel Destinations of these Himalayan states are Shimla, Gulmarg,Leh Ladakh and beautiful Nainital.

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Shimla

The capital city of Himachal Pradesh, Shimla is bounded by famous Kullu and Mandi along with Kinnaur and Sirmaur. Shimla is one of the planned hill city in India and offers winter sports like Skating and Skiing. It is know for the Hindu goddess Kali temple,Kalka Shimla Railway and beautiful gardens.

Shimla in Winter

Kufri

Kufri is a small hill station near to Shimla and known for the most popular Ski track destination in Himachal Pradesh. Kufri is popular for its world’s highest go-kart track,Himalayan Wild Life Zoo and provides panoramic view of the beautiful locations around.

Skying at Kufri

Gulmarg

Gulmarg is famous hill station and most popular Winter Season Destinations in India. It is well know as best skiing destination,Snow-covered mountains Landscapes and Gulmarg Gondola, The second highest cable car in the world.

Gulmarg in Winter

Srinagar

Srinagar is the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir but best know as one of the famous destination for winter season. It receives heavy snowfall during the winter and the whole Kashmir Valley get covered under a four inch blanket of snow. Srinagar is famous for its Dal lake, houseboats and gardens, During winter the famous Dal lake freezes and offers ice skating.

Dal Lake - Srinagar

Pahalgam

The beautiful Pahalgam is a town in in Anantnag district of Jammu and Kashmir and one of the most popular tourist destination in India. Attractions of Pahalgam includes famous Betaab Valley,Amarnath Yatra,Horse riding and a hanging glacier called Kolohoi Glacier.

Winter in Pahalgam

Patnitop

Patnitop is hilltop place in in Udhampur district of Jammu and Kashmir,situated in the Shiwalik belt of the Himalayas on National Highway 1A. It is famous as Paragliding destination but during the winter season it receives the heavy snowfall and offers scenic snow peak views along with snow sports including skiing and zorbing.

Patnitop in Winter

Manali

The small town is nested in the beautiful mountains and River Valley of Beas near the end of the Kullu Valley. Its a beautiful hill station receives heavy snow falls in the winter times and offers recreational activities like Mountain Biking, paragliding, skating and zorbing. World famous Rohtang Pass is 51 km from Manali connects Kullu Valley with the Lahaul and Spiti Valleys in the Manali-Leh Highway.

Rohtang Pass - Manali

Dharamshala

Dharamshala is the winter city of Himachal Pradesh situated in the famous Kangra Valley. Its one of the most popular tourist destination of Himachal and home to the Dalai Lama along with the highest peak of the Dhauladhar range near to McLeod Ganj village.

Dharamshala in Winter

Auli

Auli is youngest winter destination in India and an important ski destination in the Himalayan mountains ranges of Uttarakhand. Auli offers Adventures Sports like Skiing,mountain climbing,valley crossing and Snowboarding along with breathtaking panoramic view of mountain peaks of Himalayas, the greatest mountain range in the world.

Famous Cable Car in Auli

Mussoorie

Mussoorie is known as the Queen of the Hills, situated in the foothills of the Garhwal Himalayan ranges in the Dehradun District. Mussoorie offers fascinating hill views of the Doon Valley and Shiwalik ranges from an altitude of 1,880 metres (6,170 ft).

Mussoorie in Winter

Chopta

Chopta is beautiful hill station and also known as Mini Switzerland in Uttarakhand state. Chopta is home of Chandrashila Peak the Moon Rock and offers stunning view of great peak of Himalayan ranges Trishul, Nanda Devi and Chaukhamba.

Chopta in Winter

Nainital

The most popular hill station of Uttarakhand situated at an altitude of 2,084 m (6,837 ft) at the Kumaon foothills of the outer Himalayas. Nainital valley is surrounded by three mountains Naina,Deopatha and Ayarpatha with a pear-shaped lake. Famous places to visit in Nainital are Naini Devi Temple,Nainital Lake,Naini Peak and Snow View.

Snowfall in Nainital

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Incredible India' of the Northeast: 'Paradise Unexplored'

The 'Incredible !ndia' of the Northeast: 'Paradise Unexplored'

North East India is indeed a paradise unexplored and one of the best destination for nature lovers, trekkers and wildlife enthusiasts. North East India includes 7 contiguous states Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura, Hence also known as Seven Sister States of India. The North Eastern region also host one brother called Sikkim and some parts of Bengal as Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri, and Koch Bihar. It is one of the most treasured and Eco-friendly area in India with vast natural resources and a cauldron of different people and cultures.

Loktake-Lake-Manipur

Culture: 

The unexplored paradise of India is well known for its distinct culture and traditional lifestyle. North east region offers a mixed culture of Hindu,Christianity,Muslim and Buddhism,Buddhist Cultural is occupies an important place and large number of ethnic groups as compare to other religions. Every tribal group of these states has its own unique tribal culture, tribal folk dance and food and crafts.

Culture-of-Arunachal

People: 

North-East Indian people offers a colorful reflection of their land and traditional lifestyle. The Mongoloid faced people of this region’s are very distinctive in characteristics of dress,customs and language. Major tribes of hills like Khasi, Garo and Jaintia are the people with very rich in culture and traditions and tribal people of valley’s have religious beliefs, music,dance and arts.

Assam-tribal-people

Lifestyle: 

Lifestyle of North Eastern Indian states are vary from one place to other, people of states are divided into tribes and sub-tribes. Hill region tribes live a simple lifestyle as they inhabit in  high mountains so hunting and fishing are the prime occupations. Agriculture and weaving are the two major occupations of the people, Tea farming in Assam is one of the main source of income along with traditional handicrafts. Tea gardens of Assam are world famous for the aroma and rich flavor and taste.

Assam-tea-gardens

Cuisines: 

Cuisines of North East India offers dishes that reflect the culture and lifestyle of the region. Staple food and cuisine of the states are rice along with dry fish, spicy meat and lots of green vegetables. Chicken, Mutton, Duck, Pigeon are some most popular non-veg dishes from north east along with a variety of rice beer. The unique cuisine of seven states of the north east India are Jadoh,Momos, Aakhol Ghor, Tung-rymbai,and pickled bamboo shoots.

Food-of-Assam

Festivals and Fairs: 

Fair and Festivals are the integral part of tribes along with traditional dance and folk music. There are numbers of festivals celebrated by various tribes of different states throughout the year. Festival season is the best time to know the culture and traditional costumes of a paradise unexplored called North East India. The major festivals of northeast India are Bihu,Brahmaputra Festival of Assam, Hornbill and Sekrenyi festival of Nagaland,Torgya Monastery Festival Arunachal Pradesh,Shillong Autumn Festival, Chapchar from Manipur,Ningol Chakouba Festival Manipur and Kharchi Puja from Tripura.

Bihu-Festival-Assam

Music and Dance: 

These seven states are not only rich in terms of landscape,natural beauty and flora and fauna but also in Music and Dance. North east India not only offers a completely different world of traditional music and folk dance but also emerged as one of the prime industry of rock music. While Shillong is music capital of India and Guwahati is one of the major destination for live rock band performances. Music and dance festivals like Hornbill National Rock Contest and folk music and tribal dance festivals are organized across the states. Tribes of North East India use some musical instruments like Tamak folk drum,flute, khamb and lambang which are made of bamboo.

Folk-Dance-north-east-india

Art and Craft: 

North East India is well famous for its unique culture, handicrafts, scenic beauty and martial arts. People of these state’s got great skills in art,weaving, The sister states got a rich variety and skill on making of wood-carving, Cane Crafts,jewellery and bamboo stick work. Arts and Craft culture is one of the very old tradition along with the making of musical instruments,Carpet and silk weaving. Every tribe excels in craftsmanship and offer a wide variety of traditional crafts and arts.

Arts-Craft-NorthEast

Mountains and Hills: 

The Northeast region Physical geography falls in the category of Eastern Himalayas ranges and Patkai-Naga Hills along with mighty Brahmaputra Barak river systems and Valley Plains. The valley of Meghalaya is surrounded by Garo, Khasi and Jaintia Hills from all sides and home to some of the largest waterfalls in India. The route of mountains and hill of north east is best for Mountaineering and adventures sports like hiking,mountain climbing and trekking. Magnificent hill stations of north east India are one of the major tourist destinations.

Khasi-Hills-Meghalaya

Natural Beauty: 

The seven sister states are a slice of paradise on earth,this place is blessed with natural beauty and colorful flora and fauna. The picturesque location of meandering water bodies, astonishing waterfalls, lush green forest and Blue Mountains ranges along with pleasant weather offers a beautiful view of in the country. Brahmaputra river area is covered with mountain peak,lush evergreen forests and grasslands, which provide a picturesque view of the amazing Brahmaputra Green Valleys. North Eastern region offers one of the most beautiful Eco-Tourism destination in India.

Waterfall-in-Mizoram

Water Bodies: 

The region is known for highest annual rainfall is India and Mawsynram and Cherrapunji are the two wettest place on earth with an annual rainfall of 11872 millimeters. North East India’s river systems,lakes and ponds are the life line of people and one the main source of income. Brahmaputra one of the biggest river in India flows through the North east region and its numerous tributaries flowing through the different states. Wettest area is home to big waterfalls and beautiful lakes such as Tsomgo Lake, the frozen lake of India, Chandubi Lake,Umiam Lake,Kamalasagarand Loktak lake, the largest fresh water lake in India. Waterfalls includes Langshiang,Nohkalikai,Nohsngithiang and Vantawng,Langshiang is one of the highest waterfalls in India.

Tsomgo-Lake-Gangtok

Deep Forest: 

The dense semi-evergreen forest reserves of North East India are inhabited by many tribes as well as by wild species of animals. There are 51 types of forest found in this region classified into six major types- tropical moist deciduous forests, tropical semi evergreen forests, tropical wet evergreen forests, subtropical forests, temperate forests and alpine forests. The mountain terrain and slopes of region is covered by natural forest vegetation like Zizypphus jujuba,Bombax ceiba, Sterculia villosa, Dalbergia sisoo,and other non-aquatic grassland species.The grasslands and rain forests of regions supports diverse flora and fauna and several crop species.

Forest-North-East-India

Wildlife: 

The least explored region host one of the highly diversified wildlife area in the country and offers a wide varieties of flora and fauna. The dense forest of region is home to some of the most beautiful but endangered and rare species of wild animals and birds. 13 major national parks and 30 wildlife sanctuaries are the treasure and heritage of the states. These Biodivers wild parks are provide shelter to rare species as many as 55 mammals, 50 reptiles, 380 birds and amphibians. Also home to Great Indian hornbill,Great Indian One-horned Rhinoceros,Indian elephant, red panda, Indian civet,Indian flying squirrel, and big feline species such as Clouded Leopard, Snow Leopard, Royal Bengal Tiger, Indian leopard and Lesser cats.

Wildlife-NorthEast

Tribal Tour: 

These seven states offers a unique experience to known tribal culture and ethnic diversities of tribal world in India. The North-east India is home to 220 ethnic groups and equal number of dialects makes it a hugely diverse region of the country. Every tribes of each states have its own culture, languages, dress, custom and tradition and festivals to celebrate. The hill station is predominantly inhabited by tribal people, few major tribes are Bishnupriya Manipuri,Tripuri,Adivasi,Assamese, Bhutia, Bodo, Garo, Khasi, Mizo, Naga,Tamang and Tripuri. 

naga-tribal dance

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